Things to Know About Traveling with a Pet on a Plane

There's nothing more exciting than going on vacation with your little friend! However, flying with a pet can be a bit stressful for both you and your pet. So, what should you pay attention to in order to have a safe and comfortable flight experience with your furry friend?

You will find answers to all your questions about which pets can be transported by plane, required documents, features of the transport container and more in this article. Traveling with your pet is now much easier! Here are the things you need to do before your trip...

1. General Rules of Airline Companies for Flying with Pets

There are some points you should definitely pay attention to when you want to travel with your pet. Airline rules for transporting pets may vary depending on whether the flight is domestic or international, the duration of the flight, and the type and size of the animal. Here are some points you should pay attention to:

Differences in Airline Pet Transport Policies

• Transportation Fees : Each airline has different pricing policies for transporting pets. These fees vary depending on the weight, size and compartment of the animal.
• Types of Animals Accepted : Cats, dogs, and small birds are generally accepted, although some airlines may not carry reptiles, rodents, or other exotic animals.
• Transport Container Conditions: Standards set by airlines regarding transport containers may vary. The container must be sturdy, ventilated and large enough for the animal to move comfortably.
• Documents : Each airline may request certain documents such as a pet health certificate, vaccination card, etc. Additionally, some countries may have special entry requirements.
• Cabin and Cargo Restrictions : Depending on the size and weight of the animal, it may need to be transported in the cabin or cargo area. Cabin transportation usually has size and weight restrictions.

Differences Between Cabin Interior and Cargo Compartment

Pets can be transported on a plane in two different ways: in the cabin or in the cargo hold. There are some key differences between these two options, and where your pet travels depends on its size, breed, and the airline’s policies.

Cabin Interior:

• The animal travels in the cabin with the passenger.
• It is generally preferred for small-sized pets.
• The shipping container has certain size and weight restrictions.
• It is important to ventilate the cabin so that the animal can breathe comfortably during the flight.

Cargo Section:

• The animal travels in the cargo hold of the aircraft.
• It is preferred for large-sized pets or animals that are not suitable for in-cabin transportation.
• It is transported in specially designed containers for the safety of the animal during the flight.
• Since there may be temperature and pressure changes in the cargo compartment, attention should be paid to the health status of the animal.

Which Animals Can Be Carried on a Plane?

The rules and practices regarding the transportation of pets on the plane vary depending on the content of the airline's pet policy. It is worth mentioning that there are different rules and validity depending on the type, breed, age of the animal to be transported or the country of destination.

For example, if you have a banned breed, you may be rejected from a plane you bought a ticket for because it transports dogs. You should definitely contact the airline before your trip and learn up-to-date information about the practice from the relevant company.

Many types of animals can be transported by plane, provided that the appropriate conditions and permits are met, within the framework of such rules. Here are the types of animals that can be transported by plane:

1.Cats and Dogs

Cats and dogs are among the most commonly allowed pets on airplanes. The vast majority of airlines allow cats and dogs to be transported, with certain rules. However, there may be some restrictions:

• Cats and Dogs That Can Be Carried in the Cabin : Small-sized cats and dogs can usually be carried in the cabin with their owners. However, the dimensions of the carrier must be within certain limits and the weight of the pet must not exceed the maximum limit determined by the airline (usually between 8-10 kg). In addition, your pet must remain in the carrier throughout the journey.
• Cats and Dogs That Can Be Carried in the Cargo Section : Large breeds or pets that exceed the weight limit are transported in the cargo section. The cargo section provides a regulated environment in terms of pressure and temperature, but your pet may be a little more stressed as they will be alone in this area during the flight.
• Breed Restrictions : Some airlines do not allow flat-nosed (brachycephalic) or dangerous breeds to travel on the plane or in the cargo hold. These breeds may include American Pit Bulls, Dobermans, Rottweilers, French Bulldogs, Pugs and Persians. The reason for this is to prevent potential health and safety problems.

2. Birds

Pet birds, especially small ones, may be accepted by certain airlines, but there are some restrictions on transporting birds on the plane:

• Cabin Bird Transport : Small birds can be transported in the cabin in a suitable carrier. However, some airlines may not accept birds in the cabin because of the possibility of birds making noise or causing a disturbance.
• Bird Transport in the Cargo Compartment : Larger birds or exotic species can be transported in the cargo compartment. The most important thing to consider in cargo transport for birds is to provide a safe cage and to place the bird in the cargo compartment in a way that it will not be harmed.
• Exotic Birds : Exotic birds, such as parrots, require a permit in some countries and special documentation may be requested during transportation. Additionally, certain species may be illegal to transport, so be careful when shipping internationally.

3. Small Rodents (Rabbits, Hamsters, Guinea Pigs)

Small rodents can be carried in the cabin or cargo hold by some airlines, but there are special rules and restrictions for these animals:

• Cabin Transportation : Small rabbits and rodents can be carried in a carry-on bag in the cabin. However, since these animals have a risk of escape, the safety of the carry-on bag is very important. Also, not every airline may accept these types of animals.
• Cargo Hold Transport : Large-sized rodents or species that are not suitable for transport in the cabin can be transported in the cargo hold. When transporting rodents, you must ensure that their cages have a ventilation system and that they are sufficiently comfortable throughout the journey.

4. Exotic Animals (Reptiles, Crocodiles, Snakes, Turtles)

Transporting exotic animals by air can be quite complicated and many airlines may refuse to carry such animals. Transport regulations for these animals may vary depending on their type and the laws of the country they are being transported to.

• Cargo Transportation : Exotic animals such as reptiles, crocodiles, snakes and turtles can only be transported in the cargo hold and usually require special permits. In addition, some countries may completely ban the entry of these animals. Therefore, if international transportation is to be carried out, it is essential to check the entry permits of these animals into the country and prepare the necessary documents.
• Veterinary Approval : When transporting exotic animals, a veterinary report is required to prove that they are in good health and fit for travel. In addition, appropriate measures should be taken to minimize the animal's stress level prior to transport.

5. Service Dogs and Emotional Support Animals

Service dogs and emotional support animals often have pet travel privileges. Most airlines allow service dogs to travel in the cabin with their owners for free. However, rules for emotional support animals have been tightened in recent years.

• Guide Dogs : Guide dogs trained to assist visually impaired or disabled individuals may be carried in the cabin with their owner on most airlines. There is no extra charge for guide dogs and they may remain in a designated area within the cabin. However, the dog must be trained and have the appropriate certifications.
• Emotional Support Animals : In the past, emotional support animals had similar privileges to guide dogs. However, with the recent regulations, only animals that meet certain conditions can be transported in the cabin. Passengers who wish to transport an emotional support animal are usually required to provide a medical report and documentation regarding the animal’s training.

2. Required Documents: Pet's Health and Vaccination Status

If you want to travel by plane with your pet, you will need to complete certain documents. Pet documents on the plane show your pet’s health, vaccination status, and fitness for travel. Various health and vaccination documents are required for your pet to meet the conditions for transportation on both local and international flights. So why are these documents so important and what documents are required?

Health Card and Vaccination Report

It is important to obtain a health report and vaccination report when traveling with your pets on a plane. Because a pet's health condition determines its resistance to the difficulties it may encounter during the journey.

Airlines and international border crossings request a health report and vaccination card to prevent the spread of diseases and ensure the safe transportation of the animal. The health report and vaccination card show the general health status of the pet and whether it has been vaccinated against certain diseases.

Documents Received from the Veterinarian

Documents issued by the veterinarian prove that your pet is healthy and fit for travel. These are standard documents usually requested by airlines and are necessary to minimize the risks that the pet may encounter during the trip.

Although it may vary from company to company, most airlines request these two documents:

• General Health Report : A document prepared as a result of the physical examination of the pet. This report confirms that the animal will not have any health problems during the journey and that it does not carry any contagious diseases. In addition, the health report documents that the animal is healthy in terms of nutrition and stress management.
• Vaccination Card : It is important for all pet owners to have their vaccination card with them. There are many countries and airlines where vaccination against infectious diseases such as rabies is mandatory. The vaccination card shows that the animal has received these vaccinations on time and is healthy.

Additional Documents Required for International Travel

When flying internationally with pets, additional documentation is often requested. Each country’s pet acceptance requirements may vary, so it’s important to do your research and gather the necessary documentation before flying internationally. The most common documents requested for international travel include:

• Microchip : Many countries require pets to have microchips. A microchip can help locate your pet if it gets lost and helps confirm its identity.
• Rabies Vaccine : Rabies vaccination is a mandatory vaccine for many countries. The vaccination card must indicate the date of the rabies vaccination and the date of the next vaccination.
• Blood Test (Titration) : Some countries may require a blood test (titration) after a certain period of time has passed after the rabies vaccination. This test shows whether your pet has sufficient rabies antibodies in its body.
• Health Certificate (European Union Pet Health Form) : If you are traveling to European Union countries, you must fill out the European Union Pet Health Form. This form contains detailed information about your pet's health status and vaccinations.
• International Pet Passport : Many countries, especially the European Union, have a pet passport application. This passport includes the pet's identification information, vaccination status and health history. If you are traveling to European countries, you may need to get this passport.
• Country of Origin Approval and Import Permit : Some countries restrict entry or require import permits for certain types of pets. In this case, you may need to obtain an import permit from your country of origin and present it with your travel documents to bring your pet.

3. Things to Consider When Booking Flights for Pets

Since airlines may have different policies regarding pet transportation, providing the correct information during booking, choosing the appropriate carrier and learning the fee policy will make your journey smooth. Here are the main points to consider when booking a flight with pets:

How to Provide Pet Information When Reserving?

When you plan to fly with your pet, it is very important to let the airline know when you book. Cabin or cargo space for pets may be limited, so be sure to mention that your pet is included in the flight when booking.

The following information will be needed at the time of booking:

• Type and Breed of Pet : You must accurately inform the airline of the type and breed of your pet (cat, dog, bird, etc.). Some airlines may have restrictions on certain breeds (e.g. flat-nosed dogs) and adjust the conditions of carriage based on this information.
• Weight and Size : The weight of the animal and the dimensions of the carrier bag are other information requested during the reservation. The weight limit for animals to be transported in the cabin is generally between 8-10 kg, while there may be different weight limits for animals to be transported in the cargo area. The size of the carrier bag must also be compatible with the cabin or cargo area.
• Health and Vaccination Status : Your pet's health status, vaccination history and health report indicating that they are fit to travel must also be submitted to the airline at the time of booking. Make sure that the required documents for international flights are complete.

Airline Carry-On Baggage and Size Rules

The size and features of the carrier bags used for pets are determined by the airlines. Usually, each airline has its own rules regarding the carrier bags that can be used in the cabin and in the cargo compartment. Following these rules will ensure that your pet has a comfortable journey and that you do not experience any problems during the flight.

• Cabin Carry-On Bag Rules : Pets that will be carried in the cabin must be in a carrying bag of certain dimensions. These bags must generally fit under the seat and have a ventilation system. The dimensions of the carrying bag may vary depending on the airline, but it is generally requested to be 40x30x20 cm in size and weigh 8-10 kg.
• Carrying Bag Rules in the Cargo Section : Larger and more durable carrying boxes are required for animals to be transported in the cargo section. These boxes should be large enough to allow the animal to move, have a breathable structure, and be lockable for safety. It is also preferred that the carrying bags are made of unbreakable material.
• Extra Features : It is important for your pet to have a comfortable and safe journey if the carrying bag or cage has additional equipment such as secure locking systems, easy-to-carry handles and a water bowl.

Pet Transport Fees and Return Policies

Flights with pets usually incur an additional transportation fee. This fee may vary depending on whether the pet is carried in the cabin or in the cargo hold, and may vary depending on factors such as the length of the flight, the airline, and the weight of the pet. It’s a good idea to review pet transportation fees and refund policies before booking.

• Cabin Carriage Fee : There is usually a flat fee for pets carried in the cabin. This fee covers round-trip flights for most airlines and can vary depending on the distance of the flight.
• Cargo Section Transportation Fee : For larger animals or pets that do not fit in the cabin, transportation in the cargo section is possible. The cargo section fee is usually higher than the in-cabin transportation fee and varies according to the weight of the animal, the flight distance and the conditions of the transportation service.
• Refund Policies : In the event of flight cancellation or change, refunds for pet transportation fees depend on the airline's policy. Most airlines will refund pet transportation fees if the flight is canceled, but this is not always guaranteed. There may also be some flexibility for special circumstances, such as cancellation of a trip due to a pet's health condition.
• Additional Fees and Other Services : Some airlines may offer special services for pets. For example, extra security measures for animals transported in the cargo hold, tracking of the animal throughout the flight, etc. may be subject to additional charges. Additionally, some airlines may offer additional services such as veterinary services or pet pick-up at their destination.

4. Preparing Your Pet Before Travelling by Plane

Air travel can be a stressful experience not only for humans but also for pets, which is why it is important to prepare your pet for the flight before traveling.

In addition, certain checks that need to be taken into consideration on the day of the flight will ensure that the journey goes smoothly. Here are the preparations that need to be made before your flight with your pet:

Pet Carrier Bag and Compatibility

• Size and Airline Compatibility : Airlines may have strict rules regarding carry-on bag dimensions. For cabin travel, the bag must fit under the seat, and for cargo space, it must be durable and lockable. Check airline rules in advance and adjust the size and features of the carry-on bag accordingly.
• Comfortable and Safe Design : The carrier bag should have windows that provide good ventilation, a soft floor, and a secure closing mechanism. Also, make sure that the animal inside the bag has enough space to move comfortably without being cramped.
• Getting your pet used to the carrier : Before the trip, it is a good idea to gradually get your pet used to the carrier to make them feel comfortable in it. Let them spend short periods of time in the bag at first, then gradually increase the time until the day of the trip to get them used to the bag. You can create a sense of security for them by putting their favorite toy or a blanket inside.

Things to Do to Make Your Pet Comfortable

• Veterinary Check-up : You should contact your veterinarian at least 1-2 weeks before the flight to have your pet's general health checked and have the necessary vaccinations done.
• Sedatives : If your pet is very stressed during the flight, you can use a mild sedative recommended by your veterinarian. However, always consult your veterinarian before using any medication.
• Familiar Smells : You can make your pet feel safer by placing a piece of clothing or a toy whose scent he is familiar with in the carrier.
• Water and Food: Carry enough water and dry food with you to meet your pet's water and food needs during the flight. However, you should not feed your pet a few hours before the flight.
• Comfort : You can make your pet more comfortable by placing a soft cover or pillow inside the carrier.

Checks to be Made on the Day of Flight

• Prepare Documents : Make sure you have all the necessary documents for your pet, such as health documents, vaccination card, microchip information and import permit if applicable. These documents may be required during passport control during international travel. Make sure your documents are complete on the day of your flight and keep all documents in an organized file to avoid any delays or setbacks.
• Check the Carrying Bag : Make sure the carrying bag is sturdy, the locking mechanism works properly and it is placed in a way that your pet can feel comfortable in. Also, don't forget to put a water bowl, a small food package and a favorite toy in the bag.
• Health Check : Check your pet's health once more on the day of the flight. If they appear sick or unwell, you should consider cancelling the flight in consultation with your veterinarian. Animals with respiratory problems in particular are at risk of serious health problems during the flight.
• Last Minute Preparations : Cleaning your pet's bottom before the flight and making sure it is in a hygienic environment will prevent you from experiencing hygiene problems during the flight. Help your pet relieve itself by taking short walks.

5. Carrying Pets in the Cargo Section: Things to Consider

In some cases, especially for large pets, it may not be possible to find a seat in the cabin during the flight and your pet may need to be transported in the cargo hold. This can be a concern for owners, as there are various misconceptions and fears about the cargo hold. However, many airlines today take advanced safety and comfort measures to ensure that pets are transported safely in the cargo hold.

Here are the things you need to know and pay attention to when transporting pets in the cargo area:

How to Ensure Safety and Comfort in Cargo Area?

Here are some things you can do and should pay attention to so that your pets have a safe and comfortable journey:

• Sturdy and Suitable Carrying Case : In order for your pet to travel safely in the cargo area, you need to use a specially designed, rigid and durable carrying case. This case should have adequate ventilation holes and be large enough for your pet to move comfortably inside.
• Soft Upholstery : You can make your pet more comfortable by placing a soft cover or pillow inside the carrier.
• Water and Food : Depending on the duration of the flight, you can put a small amount of water and dry food in the carrier. However, be aware that if your pet moves during the flight and the carrier tips over, there may be a risk of water spillage.
• Label the Cargo Cabin : If you are transporting your pet in the cargo hold, it is important to label the cargo cabin with your pet's name, your name, and your contact information. You can also ensure that airline personnel are more careful when transporting your pet by placing a "Live Animal" sign on the cabin.

Airline Temperature and Pressure Controls

In modern aircraft, the cargo areas where pets are transported have similar temperature and pressure control systems to the human cabins. Airlines maintain optimum temperature and pressure levels to ensure the safety of pets in the cargo area.

• Pressure Control : When traveling at high altitudes, pressure levels are kept at ideal levels for human health. The same pressure control is provided in the cargo compartment where pets are transported.
• Temperature Control : Temperature control in the cargo hold is a critical factor in the comfort and safety of pets. Airlines try to keep the temperature of the cargo hold between 18-25°C during the flight, which is ideal for animals.
• Emergency Procedures : Airlines have specific procedures in place for emergencies that may occur during pet transportation. If there is any pressure or temperature problem in the cargo hold, the crew immediately notices the situation and takes the necessary precautions. Additionally, some airlines assign specially trained personnel to monitor the safety of pets in the cargo hold.